High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a common condition that can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other health problems. Because high blood pressure often develops without noticeable symptoms, regular blood pressure checks are an important part of protecting your heart health.
What Causes High Blood Pressure?
Blood pressure can be affected by several factors, including age, family history, diet, physical activity, stress, and certain medical conditions. Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and diets high in sodium may also contribute to elevated blood pressure.
For some patients, there may not be one identifiable cause.
Symptoms of High Blood Pressure
Many people with high blood pressure experience no symptoms. When blood pressure becomes severely elevated, some people may experience:
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Headaches
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Shortness of breath
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Dizziness
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Chest discomfort
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Vision changes
These symptoms can have many causes and should be evaluated appropriately.
How Is High Blood Pressure Managed?
Treatment depends on your blood pressure readings, overall health, and cardiovascular risk factors. A physician may recommend lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, reducing sodium intake, maintaining a healthy weight, and following a heart-healthy diet.
Some patients may also need medication to help control their blood pressure.
When Should You See a Cardiologist?
A cardiology evaluation may be appropriate if your blood pressure remains difficult to control, you have additional cardiovascular risk factors, or there are concerns about heart disease.
If you experience severe chest pain, significant difficulty breathing, fainting, or other symptoms of a possible medical emergency, seek emergency medical care.
Regular monitoring and appropriate treatment can help reduce the long-term cardiovascular risks associated with high blood pressure.